8th Grade: English-Language Arts (page 1 of 3) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Sub-Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
READING (“R”)	1.0 Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development	8.R.1.1	Analyze idioms, analogies, metaphors, and similes to infer the literal and figurative meanings of phrases.
		8.R.1.2	Understand the most important points in the history of English language and use common word origins to determine the historical influences on English word meanings.
		8.R.1.3	Use word meanings within the appropriate context and show ability to verify those meanings by definition, restatement, example, comparison, or contrast.
	2.0 Reading Comprehension (read one million words annually)	8.R.2.1	Compare and contrast the features and elements of consumer materials to gain meaning from documents (e.g., warranties, contracts, product information, instruction manuals).
		8.R.2.2	Analyze text that uses proposition and support patterns.
		8.R.2.3	Find similarities & differences between texts in the treatment, scope, or organization of ideas.
		8.R.2.4	Compare the original text to a summary to determine whether the summary accurately captures the main ideas, includes critical details, and conveys the underlying meaning.
		8.R.2.5	Understand and explain the use of a complex mechanical device by following technical directions.
		8.R.2.6	Use information from a variety of consumer, workplace, and public documents to explain a situation or decision and to solve a problem.
		8.R.2.7	Evaluate the unity, coherence, logic, internal consistency, and structural patterns of text.
	3.0 Literary Response and Analysis	8.R.3.1	Determine and articulate the relationship between the purposes and characteristics of different forms of poetry (e.g., ballad, lyric, couplet, epic, elegy, ode, sonnet).
		8.R.3.2	Evaluate the structural elements of the plot (e.g., subplots, parallel episodes, climax), the plot’s development, and the way in which conflicts are (or are not) addressed and resolved.
		8.R.3.3	Compare and contrast motivations and reactions of literary characters from different historical eras confronting similar situations or conflicts.
		8.R.3.4	Analyze the relevance of the setting (e.g., place, time, customs) to the mood, tone, and meaning of the text.
		8.R.3.5	Identify and analyze recurring themes (e.g., good versus evil) across traditional and contemporary works.
		8.R.3.6	Identify significant literary devices (e.g., metaphor, symbolism, dialect, irony) that define a writer’s style and use those elements to interpret the work.
		8.R.3.7	Analyze a work of literature, showing how it reflects the heritage, traditions, attitudes, and beliefs of its author. (Biographical approach)
WRITING (W)	1.0 Writing Strategies	8.W.1.1	Create compositions that establish a controlling impression, have a coherent thesis, and end with a clear and well-supported conclusion.
		8.W.1.2	Establish coherence within and among paragraphs through effective transitions, parallel structures, and similar writing techniques.
		8.W.1.3	Support theses or conclusions with analogies, paraphrases, quotations, opinions from authorities, comparisons, and similar devices.
		8.W.1.4	Plan and conduct multiple-step information searches by using computer networks & modems.
		8.W.1.5	Achieve an effective balance between researched information and original ideas.
		8.W.1.6	Revise writing for word choice; appropriate organization; consistent point of view; and transitions between paragraphs, passages, and ideas.

8th Grade: English-Language Arts (page 2 of 3) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Sub-Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
WRITING (W) (continued)	2.0 Writing Applications (Genres & Their Characteristics) Write narrative, expository, persuasive, & descriptive texts of at least 500 to 700 words in each genre.	8.W.2.1 a, b, c	Write biographies, autobiographies, short stories, or narratives: a. Relate a clear, coherent incident, event, or situation by using well-chosen details. b. Reveal the significance of, or the writer’s attitude about, the subject. c. Employ narrative and descriptive strategies (e.g., relevant dialogue, specific action, physical description, background description, comparison or contrast of characters).
		8.W.2.2 a, b, c, d	Write responses to literature: a. Exhibit careful reading and insight in their interpretations. b. Connect student’s own responses to the writer’s techniques & to specific textual references. c. Draw supported inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience. d. Support judgments through references to text, other works, authors, or personal knowledge.
		8.W.2.3 a, b, c, d	Write research reports: a. Define a thesis. b. Record important ideas, concepts, and direct quotations from significant information sources and paraphrase and summarize all perspectives on the topic, as appropriate. c. Use a variety of primary and secondary sources and distinguish the nature and value of each. d. Organize and display information on charts, maps, and graphs.
		8.W.2.4 a, b, c	Write persuasive compositions: a. Include a well-defined thesis (i.e., one that makes a clear and knowledgeable judgment). b. Present detailed evidence, examples, and reasoning to support arguments, differentiating between facts and opinion. c. Provide details, reasons, and examples, arranging them effectively by anticipating and answering reader concerns and counterarguments.
		8.W.2.5 a, b	Write documents related to career development, including simple business letters and job applications: a. Present information purposefully and succinctly and meet the needs of the intended audience. b. Follow the conventional format for the type of document (e.g., letter of inquiry, memorandum).
		8.W.2.6 a, b, c	Write technical documents: a. Identify the sequence of activities needed to design a system, operate a tool, or explain the bylaws of an organization. b. Include all the factors and variables that need to be considered. c. Use formatting techniques (e.g., headings, differing fonts) to aid comprehension.
WRITTEN AND ORAL LANGUAGE (L)	1.0 Written and Oral Language	8.L.1.1	Use correct & varied sentence types & openings to present a lively & effective personal style.
		8.L.1.2	Identify and use parallelism, including similar grammatical forms, in all written discourse to present items in a series and items juxtaposed for emphasis.
		8.L.1.3	Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to indicate clearly the relationship between ideas
		8.L.1.4	Edit written manuscripts to ensure that correct grammar is used.
		8.L.1.5	Use correct punctuation and capitalization.
		8.L.1.6	Use correct spelling conventions.

8th Grade: English-Language Arts (page 3 of 3) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Sub-Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
LISTENING & SPEAKING (LS)	1.0 Listening and Speaking Strategies	8.LS.1.1	Analyze oral interpretations of literature, including language choice and delivery, and the effect of the interpretations on the listener.
		8.LS.1.2	Paraphrase a speaker’s purpose and point of view and ask relevant questions concerning the speaker’s content, delivery, and purpose.
		8.LS.1.3	Organize information to achieve particular purposes by matching the message, vocabulary, voice modulation, expression, and tone to the audience and purpose.
		8.LS.1.4	Prepare a speech outline based upon a chosen pattern of organization, which includes intro; transitions, previews, & summaries; logically developed body; & effective conclusion.
		8.LS.1.5	Use precise language, action verbs, sensory details, appropriate and colorful modifiers, and the active rather than the passive voice in ways that enliven oral presentations.
		8.LS.1.6	Use appropriate grammar, word choice, enunciation, and pace during formal presentations.
		8.LS.1.7 a, b	Use audience feedback (e.g., verbal and nonverbal cues): a. Reconsider and modify the organizational structure or plan. b. Rearrange words and sentences to clarify the meaning.
		8.LS.1.8	Evaluate the credibility of a speaker (e.g., hidden agendas, slanted or biased material).
		8.LS.1.9	Interpret and evaluate the various ways in which visual image makers (e.g., graphic artists, illustrators, news photographers) communicate information and affect impressions & opinions.
	2.0 Speaking Applications (Genres & Their Applications)	8.LS.2.1 a, b, c	Deliver narrative presentations (e.g., biographical, autobiographical): a. Relate a clear, coherent incident, event, or situation by using well-chosen details. b. Reveal the significance of, and the subject’s attitude about, the incident, event, or situation. c. Employ narrative and descriptive strategies (e.g., relevant dialogue, specific action, physical description, background description, comparison or contrast of characters).
		8.LS.2.2 a, b, c, d	Deliver oral responses to literature: a. Interpret a reading and provide insight. b. Connect students’ own responses to the writer’s techniques & to specific textual references. c. Draw supported inferences about the effects of a literary work on its audience. d. Support judgments through references to text, other works, authors, or personal knowledge.
		8.LS.2.3 a, b, c, d	Deliver research presentations: a. Define a thesis. b. Record important ideas, concepts, and direct quotations from significant information sources and paraphrase and summarize all relevant perspectives on the topic, as appropriate. c. Use a variety of primary and secondary sources and distinguish the nature and value of each. d. Organize and record information on charts, maps, and graphs.
		8.LS.2.4 a, b, c, d	Deliver persuasive presentations: a. Include a well-defined thesis (i.e., one that makes a clear and knowledgeable judgment). b. Differentiate fact from opinion & support args w/ detailed evidence, examples, & reasoning c. Anticipate and answer listener concerns and counterarguments effectively through the inclusion and arrangement of details, reasons, examples, and other elements. d. Maintain a reasonable tone.
		8.LS.2.5	Recite poems (of four to six stanzas), sections of speeches, or dramatic soliloquies, using voice modulation, tone, and gestures expressively to enhance the meaning.

8th Grade: Science: Focus on Physical Science (page 1 of 2) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ___________________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
1.0 MOTION The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position. As a basis for understanding	8.1.a	Position is defined in relation to some choice of a standard reference point and a set of reference directions.
	8.1.b	Average speed is the total distance traveled divided by the total time elapsed and that the speed of an object along the path traveled can vary.
	8.1.c	Solve problems involving distance, time, and average speed.
	8.1.d	The velocity of an object must be described by specifying both the direction and the speed of the object.
	8.1.e	Changes in velocity may be due to changes in speed, direction, or both.
	8.1.f	Interpret graphs of position versus time and graphs of speed versus time for motion in a single direction.
2.0 FORCES Unbalanced forces cause changes in velocity	8.2.a	A force has both direction and magnitude
	8.2.b	When an object is subject to two or more forces at once, the result is the cumulative effect of all the forces.
	8.2.c	When the forces on an object are balanced, the motion of the object does not change.
	8.2.d	Identify separately the two or more forces that are acting on Ê a single static object, including gravity, elastic forces due to tension or compression in matter, and friction.
	8.2.e	When the forces on an object are unbalanced, the object will change its velocity (that is, it will speed up, slow down, or change direction).
	8.2.f	The greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to achieve the same rate of change in motion.
	8.2.g	The role of gravity in forming & maintaining the shapes of planets, stars, & the solar system
3.0 STRUCTURE OF MATTER Each of the more than 100 elements of matter has distinct properties and a distinct atomic structure. All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the elements	8.3.a	The structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
	8.3.b	Compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and that compounds have properties that are different from their constituent elements.
	8.3.c	Atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns, such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long-chain polymers.
	8.3.d	The states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) depend on molecular motion
	8.3.e	In solids, atoms are closely locked in position & can only vibrate; in liquids atoms & molecules are more loosely connected & can collide with & move past one another; & in gases the atoms and molecules are free to move independently, colliding frequently
	8.3.f	Use the periodic table to identify elements in simple compounds.
4.0 EARTH IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM (EARTH SCIENCE) The structure and composition of the universe can be learned from studying stars and galaxies and their evolution	8.4.a	Galaxies are clusters of billions of stars and may have different shapes.
	8.4.b	The Sun is one of many stars in the Milky Way galaxy and that stars may differ in size, temperature, and color.
	8.4.c	Use astron. units and light yrs as measures of distances between the Sun, stars, & Earth
	8.4.d	Stars are the source of light for all bright objects in outer space and that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight, not by their own light.
	8.4.e	The appearance, general composition, relative position and size, and motion of objects in the solar system, including planets, planetary satellites, comets, and asteroids.

8th Grade: Science: Focus on Physical Science (page 2 of 2) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ___________________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
5.0 REACTIONS Chemical reactions are processes in which atoms are rearranged into different combinations of molecules	8.5.a	Reactant atoms and molecules interact to form products with different chemical properties
	8.5.b	The idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: In chemical reactions the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are arranged, so their total mass stays the same
	8.5.c	Chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat
	8.5.d	Physical processes include freezing and boiling, in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction.
	8.5.e	Determine whether a solution is acidic, basic, or neutral.
6.0 CHEMISTRY IN LIVING SYSTEMS (LIFE SCIENCE) Principles of chemistry underlie the functioning of biological systems	8.6.a	Carbon, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms.
	8.6.b	Living organisms are made of molecules consisting largely of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
	8.6.c	Living organisms have many different kinds of molecules, including small ones, such as water and salt, and very large ones, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA.
7.0 PERIODIC TABLE The organization of the periodic table is based on the properties of the elements and reflects the structure of atoms	8.7.a	Identify regions corresponding to metals, nonmetals, and inert gases
	8.7.b	Each element has a specific number of protons in the nucleus (the atomic number) & each isotope of element has a different but specific number of neutrons in the nucleus
	8.7.c	Substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
8.0 DENSITY AND BUOYANCY All objects experience a buoyant force when immersed in a flu	8.8.a	Density is mass per unit volume
	8.8.b	Calculate the density of substances (regular and irregular solids and liquids) from measurements of mass and volume
	8.8.c	The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid the object has displaced.
	8.8.d	Predict whether an object will float or sink
9.0 INVESTIGATION AND EXPERIMENTATION Scientific progress is made by asking meaningful questions and conducting careful investigations. As a basis for understanding this concept and addressing the content in the other three strands, students should develop their own questions and perform investigations	8.9.a	Plan and conduct a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis
	8.9.b	Evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of data.
	8.9.c	Distinguish between variable and controlled parameters in a test.
	8.9.d	Recognize the slope of the linear graph as the constant in the relationship yÊ =Ê kx and apply this principle in interpreting graphs constructed from data
	8.9.e	Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables.
	8.9.f	Apply simple math relationships to determine a missing quantity in a math expression, given the two remaining terms (including speed = distance/Time, density = mass/volume, force = pressure ´ area, volume = area ´height).
	8.9.g	Distinguish between linear and nonlinear relationships on a graph of data

8th grade: United States History and Geography: Growth and Conflict (page 1 of 4) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
8.1 Events preceding the founding of the nation & relate their significance to development of Amer. Const. Democracy	8.1.1	Describe the relationship between the moral and political ideas of the Great Awakening and the development of revolutionary fervor.
	8.1.2	Analyze the philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence, with an emphasis on government as a means of securing individual rights (e.g., key phrases such as “all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”).
	8.1.3	Analyze how the American Revolution affected other nations, especially France
	8.1.4	Describe the nation’s blend of civic republicanism, classical liberal principles, and English parliamentary traditions
8.2 The political principles underlying the U.S. Constitution and compare the enumerated and implied powers of the federal government	8.2.1	Discuss the significance of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact
	8.2.2	Analyze the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution and the success of each in implementing the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.
	8.2.3	Evaluate the major debates that occurred during the development of the Constitution and their ultimate resolutions in such areas as shared power among institutions, divided state-federal power, slavery, the rights of individuals and states (later addressed by the addition of the Bill of Rights), and the status of American Indian nations under the commerce clause
	8.2.4	Describe the political philosophy underpinning the Constitution as specified in the Federalist Papers (authored by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay) & the role of leaders as Madison, George Washington, Roger Sherman, Gouverneur Morris, and James Wilson in the writing and ratification of the Constitution
	8.2.5	Understand the significance of Jefferson’s Statute for Religious Freedom as a forerunner of the First Amendment and the origins, purpose, and differing views of the founding fathers on the issue of the separation of church and state
	8.2.6	Enumerate the powers of government set forth in the Constitution and the fundamental liberties ensured by the Bill of Rights
	8.2.7	Describe the principles of federalism, dual sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, the nature and purpose of majority rule, and the ways in which the American idea of constitutionalism preserves individual rights
8.3 The foundation of the American political system and the Ways in which citizens participate in it.	8.3.1	Analyze the principles and concepts codified in state constitutions between 1777 and 1781 that created the context out of which American political institutions and ideas developed
	8.3.2	Explain how the ordinances of 1785 and 1787 privatized national resources and transferred federally owned lands into private holdings, townships, and states.
	8.3.3	Enumerate the advantages of a common market among the states as foreseen in and protected by the Constitution’s clauses on interstate commerce, common coinage, and full-faith and credit
	8.3.4	Understand how the conflicts between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton resulted in the emergence of two political parties (e.g., view of foreign policy, Alien and Sedition Acts, economic policy, National Bank, funding and assumption of the revolutionary debt).
	8.3.5	Know the significance of domestic resistance movements and ways in which the central government responded to such movements (e.g., Shays’ Rebellion, the Whiskey Rebellion
	8.3.6	Describe the basic law-making process and how the Constitution provides numerous opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process and to monitor and influence government (e.g., function of elections, political parties, interest groups
	8.3.7	Understand the functions and responsibilities of a free press

8th grade: United States History and Geography: Growth and Conflict (page 2 of 4) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
8.4 The aspirations and ideals of the people of the new nation.	8.4.1	Describe the country’s physical landscapes, political divisions, and territorial expansion during the terms of the first four presidents.
	8.4.2	Explain the policy significance of famous speeches (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, Jefferson’s 1801 Inaugural Address, John Q. Adams’s Fourth of July 1821 Address).
	8.4.3	Analyze the rise of capitalism and the economic problems and conflicts that accompanied it (e.g., Jackson’s opposition to the National Bank; early decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court that reinforced the sanctity of contracts and a capitalist economic system of law).
	8.4.4	Discuss daily life, including traditions in art, music, and literature, of early national America (e.g., through writings by Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper).
8.5 U.S. foreign policy in the early Republic	8.5.1	Understand the political and economic causes and consequences of the War of 1812 and know the major battles, leaders, and events that led to a final peace
	8.5.2	Know the changing boundaries of the United States and describe the relationships the country had with its neighbors (current Mexico and Canada) and Europe, including the influence of the Monroe Doctrine, and how those relationships influenced west-ward expansion and the Mexican-American War.
	8.5.3	Outline the major treaties with American Indian nations during the administrations of the first four presidents and the varying outcomes of those treaties.
8.6 The divergent paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid-1800s and the challenges they faced, with emphasis on the Northeast	8.6.1	Discuss the influence of industrialization and technological developments on the region, including human modification of the landscape and how physical geography shaped human actions (e.g., growth of cities, deforestation, farming, mineral extraction).
	8.6.2	Outline the physical obstacles to and the economic and political factors involved in building a network of roads, canals, and railroads (e.g., Henry Clay’s American System).
	8.6.3	List the reasons for the wave of immigration from Northern Europe to the US & describe the growth in the number, size, & spatial arrangements of cities (e.g., Irish immigrants and the Great Irish Famine).
	8.6.4	Study the lives of black Americans who gained freedom in the North and founded schools and churches to advance their rights and communities
	8.6.5	Trace the development of the American education system from its earliest roots, including the roles of religious and private schools and Horace Mann’s campaign for free public education and its assimilating role in American culture.
	8.6.6	Examine the women’s suffrage movement (e.g., biographies, writings, and speeches of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Margaret Fuller, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony).
	8.6.7	Identify common themes in American art as well as transcendentalism and individualism (e.g., writings about and by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Herman Melville, Louisa May Alcott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).
8.7 Divergent paths of the American people in the South from 1800 to the mid-1800s & the challenges they faced.	8.7.1	Describe the development of the agrarian economy in the South, identify the locations of the cotton-producing states, and discuss the significance of cotton and the cotton gin.
	8.7.2	Trace the origins and development of slavery; its effects on black Americans and on the region’s political, social, religious, economic, and cultural development; and identify the strategies that were tried to both overturn & preserve it (e.g., through the writings & historical documents on Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey).
	8.7.3	Examine the characteristics of white Southern society and how the physical environment influenced events and conditions prior to the Civil War.
	8.7.4	Compare the lives of and opportunities for free blacks in the North with those of free blacks in the South.

8th grade: United States History and Geography: Growth and Conflict (page 3 of 4) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
8.8 The divergent paths of the American people in the West from 1800 to the mid-1800s and the challenges they faced	8.8.1	Discuss the election of Andrew Jackson as president in 1828, the importance of Jacksonian democracy, and his actions as president (e.g., the spoils system, veto of the National Bank, policy of Indian removal, opposition to the Supreme Court).
	8.8.2	Describe the purpose, challenges, and economic incentives associated with westward expansion, including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., the Lewis and Clark expedition, accounts of the removal of Indians, the Cherokees’ “Trail of Tears,” settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spanned numerous decades.
	8.8.3	Describe the role of pioneer women and the new status that western women achieved (e.g., Laura Ingalls Wilder, Annie Bidwell; slave women gaining freedom in the West; Wyoming granting suffrage to women in 1869).
	8.8.4	Examine the importance of the great rivers and the struggle over water rights.
	8.8.5	Discuss Mexican settlements and their locations, cultural traditions, attitudes toward slavery, land-grant system, and economies
	8.8.6	Describe the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War, including territorial settlements, the aftermath of the wars, &the effects the wars had on the lives of Americans, including Mexican Americans today.
8.9 The early and steady attempts to abolish slavery and to realize the ideals of the Declaration of Independence.	8.9.1	Describe the leaders of the movement (e.g., John Quincy Adams and his proposed constitutional amendment, John Brown and the armed resistance, Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad, Benjamin Franklin, Theodore Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass).
	8.9.2	Discuss the abolition of slavery in early state constitutions
	8.9.3	Describe the significance of the Northwest Ordinance in education and in the banning of slavery in new states north of the Ohio River.
	8.9.4	Discuss the importance of the slavery issue as raised by the annexation of Texas and California’s admission to the union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850.
	8.9.5	Analyze the significance of the States’ Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay’s role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), & Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)
	8.9.6	Describe the lives of free blacks and the laws that limited their freedom and economic opportunities.
8.10 The multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences of the Civil War.	8.10.1	Compare the conflicting interpretations of state and federal authority as emphasized in the speeches and writings of statesmen such as Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun
	8.10.2	Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists.
	8.10.3	Identify the constitutional issues posed by the doctrine of nullification and secession and the earliest origins of that doctrine.
	8.10.4	Discuss Abraham Lincoln’s presidency and his significant writings and speeches and their relationship to the Declaration of Independence, such as his “House Divided” speech (1858), Gettysburg Address (1863), Emancipation Proclamation (1863), and inaugural addresses (1861 and 1865).
	8.10.5	Study the views and lives of leaders (e.g., Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee) and soldiers on both sides of the war, including those of black soldiers and regiments.
	8.10.6	Describe critical developments and events in the war, including the major battles, geographical advantages and obstacles, technological advances, and General Lee’s surrender at Appomattox.
	8.10.7	Explain how the war affected combatants, civilians, the physical environment, and future warfare.

8th grade: United States History and Geography: Growth and Conflict (page 4 of 4) CALIFORNIA CONTENT-STANDARD CHECKLIST

Student Name: ____________________ Student Number: ____________________

General Standard	Standard Notation	Standard Description	Planned (X)	Date Mastered
8.11 The character and lasting consequences of Reconstruction	8.11.1	List the original aims of Reconstruction and describe its effects on the political and social structures of different regions.
	8.11.2	Identify the push-pull factors in the movement of former slaves to the cities in the North and to the West and their differing experiences in those regions (e.g., the experiences of Buffalo Soldiers).
	8.11.3	Understand the effects of the Freedmen’s Bureau and the restrictions placed on the rights and opportunities of freedmen, including racial segregation and “Jim Crow” laws.
	8.11.4	Trace the rise of the Ku Klux Klan and describe the Klan’s effects.
	8.11.5	Understand the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution and analyze their connection to Reconstruction
8.12 The transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in the United States in response to the Indus-trial Revolution.	8.12.1	Trace patterns of agricultural and industrial development as they relate to climate, use of natural resources, markets, and trade and locate such development on a map.
	8.12.2	Identify the reasons for the development of federal Indian policy and the wars with American Indians and their relationship to agricultural development and industrialization.
	8.12.3	Explain how states and the federal government encouraged business expansion through tariffs, banking, land grants, and subsidies.
	8.12.4	Discuss entrepreneurs, industrialists, and bankers in politics, commerce, and industry (e.g., Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Leland Stanford).
	8.12.5	Examine the location and effects of urbanization, renewed immigration, and industrialization (e.g., the effects on social fabric of cities, wealth and economic opportunity, the conservation movement).
	8.12.6	Discuss child labor, working conditions, and laissez-faire policies toward big business and examine the labor movement, including its leaders (e.g., Samuel Gompers), its demand for collective bargaining, and its strikes and protests over labor conditions.
	8.12.7	Identify the new sources of large-scale immigration and the contributions of immigrants to the building of cities and the economy; explain the ways in which new social and economic patterns encouraged assimilation of newcomers into the mainstream amidst growing cultural diversity; and discuss the new wave of nativism.
	8.12.8	Identify the characteristics and impact of Grangerism and Populism.
	8.12.9	Name the significant inventors and their inventions and identify how they improved the quality of life (e.g., Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Orville and Wilbur Wright).